A-Z
of Nutrition Terms

List of Nutrition Terms

Additives are substances added to food in small quantities to improve flavor, color, and texture. Also used to preserve food or extend its shelf life

• Adequate Intake (AI)

Adequate Intake (AI) is the recommended average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate – used when an RDA cannot be determined. (SD AI)

• Antioxidants

B

• Biotin

Biotin, also known as Vitamin B7 and Vitamin H, helps turn the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the food you eat into the energy you need. In other words, it is needed for the metabolism of food.

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin.

The average daily recommended amount for adults 19+ is 30 mcg.

You can get recommended amounts of biotin by eating a variety of foods, including:
• Meat, fish, eggs, and organ meats
• Seeds and nuts
• Certain vegetables, such as, broccoli, spinach, and sweet potatoes.

D

E

Essential fatty acids — linoleic acid (LA), an omega-6 fatty acid, and α-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid, are fatty acids that our body cannot synthesize —manufacture — on its own.  Hence, the body can only obtain omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids through the diet.

Because of their role as precursors of other fatty acids that the body can not synthesize, they have been termed essential fatty acids.

• Essential minerals 

F

• Fat-soluble vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed more easily by your body in the present of dietary fat and stored in your body’s fatty tissue.

The fat-soluble group of vitamins consists of Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K.

• Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)

G

H

I

• Iodine

• Iron

J

K

L

• Lutein

Lutein is a type of organic pigment called a carotenoid.

M

• Macronutrients

• Micronutrients

N

• Niacin

O

• Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)

P

• Pantothenic acid

Q

R

• Riboflavin

S

• Sodium

T

• Trace minerals

• Thiamin

U

V

• Vitamin A

• Vitamin C

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin E

• Vitamin K

• Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

• Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

• Vitamin B3 (niacin)

• Vitamin B5 Pantothenic acid 

• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

• Vitamin B7 Biotin 

• Vitamin B9 Folate (Folic Acid)

• Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

W

• Water-soluble vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins cannot be stored in our body—they dissolve in the water you consume, transported through your body, and usually excreted in your urine.

The nine water-soluble vitamins found in the human diet are: Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Thiamine (Vitamin B1), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Niacin (Vitamin B3), Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Biotin (Vitamin B7), Folate (Folic Acid, Vitamin B9), and Cobalamin (Vitamin B12).

*Vitamin B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in the liver for many years.(MP)

X

Y

Z

• Zinc

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